Occurrence of Fungicides in Vineyard and the Surrounding Environment.

Meruyert Sergazina,Lua Vazquez,Thierry Dagnac,Maria Llompart

doi:10.3390/molecules26206152

Abstract

Seventeen fungicides were determined in different matrices from vineyard areas, including vine leaves, soils, grapes and water, using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). For leaf analysis, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed evaluating different solvents. UAE was compared with other extraction techniques such as vortex extraction (VE) and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). The performance of the UAE method was demonstrated on vine leaf samples and on other types of samples such as tea leaves, underlining its general suitability for leaf crops. As regards other matrices, soils were analyzed by UAE and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), grapes by UAE and waters by SPE using cork as the sorbent. The proposed method was applied to 17 grape leaf samples in which 14 of the target fungicides were detected at concentrations up to 1000 μg g−1. Furthermore, the diffusion and transport of fungicides was demonstrated not only in crops but also in environmental matrices.

Highlights

According to the European Commission, pesticides are substances that are employed to prevent, destroy and control a harmful organism or infection, or protect plants or plant products during production, storage and transportation
The method was evaluated in terms of linearity, linear range, instrumental detection limits (IDLs) and instrumental quantification limits (IQLs), and inter-day and intra-day precision
A method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), using ethyl acetate (EtAc) as the solvent, followed by gas chromatography (GC)-MS/MS was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 17 fungicides in vine leaves

Summary

Introduction

According to the European Commission, pesticides are substances that are employed to prevent, destroy and control a harmful organism or infection, or protect plants or plant products during production, storage and transportation. Fungicides are a type of pesticide (PPP) used to inhibit fungal growth, which can seriously damage crops and plantations of different types [2]. Their use is indispensable for food safety, concerns have been raised about their presence in different consumption products and in the surrounding environment (water, air and soil) where they are employed [3,4,5,6,7]. These diseases proliferate more in places with a warm and humid climate, such as Galicia

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