Abstract
Introduction: Permanent mandibular first and second molars may display extra roots namely radix entomolaris and radix paramolaris which may have implications in endodontic treatment outcome, if missed.
 Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of extra roots in permanent mandibular first and second molars in a sample of Nepalese population.
 Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was done at Dhulikhel hospital. Convenience sampling technique was utilised for data collection of 773 CBCT images. Images from June 2018 to June 2020 were retrospectively screened for presence of fully erupted bilateral mandibular first and second molars. Presence of extra roots were recorded and laterality, gender, and racial variations were analysed by Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test using SPSS v.20.
 Results: For mandibular first molars, out of 517 patients, 65 (11.38%) had radix entomolaris: 38 (13.2%) female and 27 (9.54%) male. Among 38 females; occurrence was 21 (7.3%) bilateral, 16 (5.56%) unilateral right and 1 (0.34%) unilateral left side. Likewise, among 27 males, the occurrence was 15 (5.3%) bilateral, 6 (2.1%) unilateral right and 6 (2.1%) unilateral left side. Regarding races, 50 (14.6%) were Mongoloids and 15 (6.6%) were Aryans. No radix paramolaris was found in mandibular first molars. For mandibular second molars, out of 623 patients, radix entomolaris and paramolaris were observed in 0.8% and 0.48% respectively.
 Conclusion: The overall occurrence of radix entomolaris in mandibular first and second molars was found to be 11.38% and 0.8%, respectively. Practitioners should be aware of these unusual variations to avoid iatrogenic mishap due to missed canal.
Highlights
Permanent mandibular first and second molars may display extra roots namely radix entomolaris and radix paramolaris which may have implications in endodontic treatment outcome, if missed
Practitioners should be aware of these unusual variations to avoid iatrogenic mishap due to missed canal
No radix paramolaris was found in mandibular first molars
Summary
Permanent mandibular first and second molars may display extra roots namely radix entomolaris and radix paramolaris which may have implications in endodontic treatment outcome, if missed. Mandibular first and second molars usually have two roots: one mesial and the other distal.[1] these teeth might exhibit variations with the presence of an extra root.[2] This extra root when present distolinugally is known as radix entomolaris (RE).[3] Very rarely, an additional root can occur mesiobuccally known as radix paramolaris (RP).[3,4,5]. Chakradhar A, Nepal M, Pradhan S, Acharya N, Poudel P. Occurrence of Extra Roots in Permanent Mandibular Molars: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study. J Nepal Soc Perio Oral Implantol. 2021 Jan-Jun;5(9):[29-33]
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