Abstract
Multidrug resistance due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) is a major problem in human as well as in veterinary medicine. These strains appear in animal and human microbiomes and can be the source of infection both in animal and in human healthcare, in accordance with the One Health theorem. In this study we examined the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria in food-producing animals. We collected 100 porcine and 114 poultry samples to examine the prevalence of ESBL producers. Isolates were identified using the MALDI-TOF system and their antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method. ESBL gene families and phylogroups were detected by polymerase chain reactions. The prevalence of ESBL producers was relatively high in both sample groups: 72 (72.0%) porcine and 39 (34.2%) poultry isolates were ESBL producers. Escherichia coli isolates were chosen for further investigations. The most common ESBL gene was CTX-M-1 (79.3%). Most of the isolates belong to the commensal E. coli phylogroups. The porcine isolates could be divided into three phylogroups, while the distribution of the poultry isolates was more varied. In summary, ESBL-producing bacteria are prevalent in the faecal samples of the examined food-producing animals, with a dominance of the CTX-M-1 group enzymes and commensal E. coli phylogroups.
Highlights
IntroductionCorrelation between the consumption of 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins and cephalosporin resistance of Escherichia coli was reported in human medicine and in foodproducing animals by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in a Unauthenticated | Downloaded 11/02/21 12:55 PM UTC
The phenotypic resistance was similar among the porcine and the poultry E. coli isolates: colistin (0.0% vs. 2.6%), amikacin (39.5% vs. 35.9%), tobramycin (39.5% vs. 35.9%), and all E. coli isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and cefepime
A high prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing bacteria was found among the poultry and pork isolates
Summary
Correlation between the consumption of 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins and cephalosporin resistance of Escherichia coli was reported in human medicine and in foodproducing animals by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in a Unauthenticated | Downloaded 11/02/21 12:55 PM UTC. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 69 (2021) 3, 211–215 joint report (ECDC, EFSA and EMA, 2017). In this manner, ESBL enzymes, found frequently in the background of resistance to multiple beta-lactam antibiotics, became ubiquitous in Enterobacterales, especially in E. coli, spreading on mobile genetic elements and occurring frequently in the gut microbiome of humans or animals. Recognising the importance of this relationship, the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) established the One-Health concept ‘to achieve optimal health and well-being outcomes recognising the interconnections between people, animals, plants and their shared environment’ (https://www.onehealthcommission.org/ en/why_one_health/what_is_one_health/)
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