Occurrence of deoxynivalenol in maize and wheat in Serbia.

Igor Jajić,Biljana Abramović,Dragan Glamočić,Verica Jurić

doi:10.3390/ijms9112114

Igor Jajić, Biljana Abramović + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9112114

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Abstract

A total of 226 samples of maize and 59 of wheat from the 2004–2007 harvests were investigated for the presence and concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON). Samples of the 2004 harvest were analyzed after their storing for one year in barns, while those of the 2005–2007 harvest were taken directly off fields immediately after the harvest. The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography on an ODS Hypersil column with DAD detector and ELISA methods. The average incidence rate of DON in maize from the 2004 harvest was 50% (concentration range 0.042–2.460 mg/kg, average value 0.536 mg/kg), while for those of the 2005–2007 harvest it was 32.4% (concentration range 0.027–2.210 mg/kg, average value 0.223 mg/kg). In the case of wheat incidence rate of DON for 2004 harvest was 50.0% (concentration range 0.630–1.840 mg/kg, average value 1.235 mg/kg), while for those of the 2005–2007 harvest it was 34.5% (concentration range 0.057–0.423 mg/kg, average value 0.190 mg/kg). Concentrations in two samples of maize and one of wheat (one sample of each cereal being of the 2004 harvest) were above the maximum level adopted by the European Commission. The results obtained were analyzed as a function of climatic conditions and compared with those of the neighboring countries where the relevant data existed.

Highlights

Food safety continues to be an important issue in the whole world
The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography on an ODS Hypersil column with DAD detector, with the exception of maize samples of harvest 2007 which were analyzed by the ELISA test
In this work the determination of DON in the collected maize and wheat samples was carried out by liquid chromatography under previously determined optimal experimental conditions [16], while maize samples of the 2007 harvest were analyzed by the ELISA test

Summary

Introduction

Food safety continues to be an important issue in the whole world. A large number of crops are affected by fungal invasions, leading to considerable financial losses and impaired health in animals and humans. Toxicity is mainly caused by secondary metabolites of fungi, which are appropriately called mycotoxins [1]. The most important agriculturally toxigenic fungi occurring in the moderate climatic zones of North America and Europe are Fusarium fungi [2]. Three of the more prevalent mycotoxins that occur in grain are deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), fumonisins and zearalenone [3]. DON is a member of the trichothecene family of mycotoxins. It is a polar organic compound which belongs to the type B trichothecenes, and its chemical name is 12,13-epoxy3α,7α,15-trihydroxytrichothec-9-ene-8-one.

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