Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) at the municipal abattoir and cattle herds in peri-urban nomadic settlements of Bauchi state of Northeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 2440 cattle slaughtered at the municipal abattoir from June to September were examined for lesions characteristic of bTB and eighty-six (n=86) cows selected from two cattle herds located at temporary nomadic settlements in Bauchi metropolis were also screened for bTB using purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin skin test. During the study period, total of 2,440 cattle were slaughtered comprising majority of females (n=1656) and males (n=784) as well as of different breeds including majority of White Fulani (n=1864) followed by Red Bororo (n=508) and Sokoto Gudali (n=68). Results: The results revealed that out of the 2,440 slaughtered cattle inspected for tuberculous-like lesions, 51 had lesions suspected to be lesions characteristic of tuberculosis, while 48 were positive for Ziehl-Neelsen. Prevalence rate of 1.96% based on microscopic examination and 2.0% based on suspected gross lesion were recorded. The prevalence was 0.77% for males, 1.2% females, 1.84% for adults, 0.12% for calves and 1.8% for white Fulani (Bunaji), 0.12% for Red Bororo (Rahaji) and 0.04% for Sokoto Gudali (Bokoloji). In addition, screening of 86 cows showed that 8.1% were positive for tuberculosis using tuberculin test. Conclusion: The outcome of this study showed that bTB is still endemic in Bauchi state and this can pose a significant public health challenge. Thus, it is recommended that the government should intensify the test-and-slaughter policy as well as put in place an effective monitoring and surveillance control programs for bTB to mitigate the risks posed to public health by this zoonotic disease in the study area. http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2018.e247
Highlights
Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic devastating zoonotic disease of humans and animals with a soaring influence on health, productivity and the economy (Sa‟idu et al, 2017)
The outcome of this study showed that bTB is still endemic in Bauchi state and this can pose a significant public health challenge
The result of this study showed that 2.1% (n=51/2440) of the cows slaughtered at Bauchi municipal abattoir had TB-like lesions and 1.96% (n=48/2440) were positive for ZiehlNeelsen stain (Table 1)
Summary
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic devastating zoonotic disease of humans and animals with a soaring influence on health, productivity and the economy (Sa‟idu et al, 2017). Studies have shown that a large proportion of humans (82%) and cattle (85%) population in African countries live in agric-economic zones where bTB is endemic or inadequately controlled (Ayele et al, 2004). The disease has an exceptionally wide host range and cattle is known to serve (Wedlock et al, 2002) as a maintenance host and a source of infections to humans as well as other animals (Morris et al, 1994). In Europe, majority of the countries have been declared free from tuberculosis, this did not include places like Ireland, Wales, England, Spain and certain parts of Europe were the disease is still endemic due to difference in climatic conditions and the presences of wildlife reservoir host (Lahuerta-Marin et al, 2016)
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