Abstract
The ionograms recorded at the equatorial station Fortaleza in Brazil in 1995 are analysed to study the occurrence and other characteristics of an additional layer, called the F 3 layer, that has been predicted to exist in the equatorial ionosphere. At Fortaleza, the F 3 layer occurs on 49% of the days, with the occurrence being most frequent 75% in summer as predicted. The occurrence time of the layer varies from about 0800 LT to 1500 LT and the layer lasts from about 15 min. to 6 hours. The peak (virtual) height of the layer ranges from about 375 km to 750 km and the critical frequency of the layer exceeds that of the F 2 layer by 0.2 MHz to 2.3 MHz.
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