Abstract
BackgroundThe current study was conducted to investigate the individual and combined occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in feeds from various Provinces of China during 2018 to 2020. A total of 3,507 feed samples, including 2,090 feed ingredients and 1,417 complete feed samples, were collected from different areas of China for mycotoxins analysis.ResultsThe individual contamination of AFB1, DON and ZEN were present in more than 81.9%, 96.4% and 96.9% of feed samples, respectively, with average concentration ranges of AFB1 between 1.2–27.4 μg/kg, DON between 458.0–1,925.4 μg/kg and ZEN between 48.1–326.8 μg/kg. Notably, 0.9%, 0.5% and 0.1% of feed ingredients, and 1.2–12.8%, 0.9–2.9% and 0–8.9% of complete feeds for pigs, poultry and ruminants with AFB1, ZEN and DON that exceeded China’s safety standards, respectively. Moreover, more than 81.5% of feed ingredients and 95.7% of complete feeds were co-contaminated with various combinations of these mycotoxins.ConclusionThis study indicates that the feeds in China were universally contaminated with AFB1, DON and ZEN during the past 3 years. These findings highlight the significance of monitoring mycotoxin contaminant levels in the domestic animal feed, and the importance of carrying out feed administration and remediation strategies for mycotoxin control.
Highlights
Mycotoxins are naturally toxic secondary metabolites produced by various molds, including Aspergillus, Alternaria, Claviceps, Fusarium and Penicillium [1]
This study indicates that the feeds in China were universally contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), DON and ZEN
These findings highlight the significance of monitoring mycotoxin contaminant levels in the domestic animal feed, and the importance of carrying out feed administration and remediation strategies for mycotoxin control
Summary
Mycotoxins are naturally toxic secondary metabolites produced by various molds, including Aspergillus, Alternaria, Claviceps, Fusarium and Penicillium [1]. Full list of author information is available at the end of the article lethal toxin, exhibiting hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties in animals and humans [6,7,8]. Both DON and ZEN are primarily generated by Fusarium molds. The current study was conducted to investigate the individual and combined occurrence of aflatoxin. B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) in feeds from various Provinces of China during 2018 to. A total of 3,507 feed samples, including 2,090 feed ingredients and 1,417 complete feed samples, were collected from different areas of China for mycotoxins analysis
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