Abstract
Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease of human and animal caused by Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) and Fasciola hepatica (F. hepatica). More than 700 million of grazing animals and over 180 million human population are at the risk of fascioliasis. This study was conducted in Banting, Ipoh, Shah Alam, and Taiping abattoirs within Peninsular Malaysia to determine the occurrence and identify the species of liver flukes, causing liver condemnation in cattle and buffaloes. Within a study period from January to December 2018, a total of 25 condemned bovine livers were collected from Banting, Ipoh, Shah Alam, and Taiping abattoirs and analyzed. Taiping abattoir had the highest occurrence of fascioliasis [14/1014 (1.38%)], and Shah Alam abattoir had the least occurrence [1/3377 (0.03%)]. From all the sampled livers, the average number of adult flukes recorded ranged from 1 to 83. A total of 440 adult flukes were studied morphometrically, using parameters such as body length (BL), body width (BW), cone length (CL), cone width (CL), body area (BA), body perimeter (BP), the distance between the ventral sucker and posterior end of body (VS-P), BL/BW ratio, BL/V-SP, and body roundness (BR). Furthermore, molecular analysis was conducted using PCR-RFLP methods to distinguish between F. gigantica and F. hepatica involving ITS1 primer and RsaI restriction enzyme. RFLP pattern with RsaI produced a consistent pattern of 360,100 and 60 bp fragments in F. hepatica, whereas F. gigantica worms had a profile of 360,170, and 60 bp in size. The morphometric and molecular analysis results indicated that cattle and buffaloes slaughtered at Banting, Shah Alam, Taiping, and Ipoh abattoirs were infected with F. gigantica.
Highlights
Fascioliasis is common among grazing animals in most parts of Malaysia, and its prevalence can reach up to 50% in some provinces [1]
The highest occurrence of fascioliasis was recorded from the Taiping abattoir (14/1014), while the lowest occurrence was recorded from the Shah Alam abattoir (1/3377)
It is likely that the lowest occurrence of fascioliasis in Shah Alam is due to Shah Alam abattoirs having larger throughput far above Taiping abattoir
Summary
Fascioliasis is common among grazing animals in most parts of Malaysia, and its prevalence can reach up to 50% in some provinces [1]. The similarity in intermediate fasciolid forms, and difficulties in differentiating the species, these flukes of either species are generally classified as Fasciola sp. Morphological characteristics such as the ratio of body length to width can be used to differentiate these two species. In Malaysia, there is a lack of information on the morphometric and molecular characterization of adult Fasciola forms, and this has limited the exact identification of adult fluke species obtained from slaughterhouses. This study, evaluated the occurrence of fascioliasis from Banting, Ipoh, Shah Alam, and Taiping abattoirs in Malaysia and identified adult Fasciola species obtained from the liver sample collected from these abattoirs via morphometric and molecular analysis
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