Occurrence and spatial distribution of legacy and emerging organic pollutants in marine sediments from the Atlantic coast (Andalusia, SW Spain)

Abstract

Contamination of aquatic systems by no longer used but very persistent compounds (e.g., organochlorine pesticides) and newly detected chemicals, such as personal care products (PCPs), represents a raising concern. In this study, we carried out one of the first comparisons of both types of contaminants, legacy and emerging, in two coastal systems (Cadiz Bay and Huelva Estuary). A wide range of analytes were selected to this end, including hydrocarbons, UV filters, fragrances, and antimicrobials. Analysis of surface sediments revealed the occurrence of 46 out of 97 target analytes, most of them predominantly accumulated in depositional areas with high organic carbon content. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fragrances (e.g., octahydrotetramethyl acetophenone or “OTNE”), UV filters (e.g., octocrylene), and nonylphenol had the highest concentrations (up to 1098, 133.5, 72 and 575ngg−1, respectively). Several inputs were detected, from atmospheric deposition after combustion to wastewater discharges and recreational activities. However, an environmental risk assessment performed for those chemicals for which ecotoxicological data were available, indicated that legacy compounds still pose the highest potential risk towards benthonic organisms (individual hazard quotients up to 580 for dichlorophenyldichloroethylene or “DDE”) compared to PCPs.