Occurrence and richness of arbuscular mycorrizal fungi in vineyards with grapevine decline and dieback symptoms

Aelton dos Santos Bezerra,Marcelo Betancur-Agudelo,Karl Kemmelmeier,Paulo Emilio Lovato,Leandro Souza da Silva,Sidney Luiz Stürmer,Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa Soares,Edenilson Meyer

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20210011

Aelton dos Santos Bezerra, Marcelo Betancur-Agudelo + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210011

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Abstract

ABSTRACT: This research identified arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in rhizosphere soil of grapevines with Grapevine Death and Decline symptoms (GDD) or asymptomatic healthy (H) plants, and characterized the relationship of AMF communities with soil chemical attributes. The AMF spore number ranged from 287 to 432 spores 50 cm-3 in soil with GDD plants, and from 357 to 464 spores 50 cm-3 in H plants, with no differences among vineyards or between GDD and H plants within each vineyard. We detected 42 species and 17 genera, and most taxa belonged to Acaulosporaceae or Glomeraceae. Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Funneliformis mosseae, and Archaeospora trappei were the most frequent species in all vineyards. Soil chemical attributes were not determinant for the occurrence of most fungal species; although, Entrophospora infrequens, Diversispora sp1 and Diversispora sp2 were associated with a vineyard having high soil copper. Vineyards harbor highly diverse AMF communities, which are determined by location.

Highlights

Expansion and renewal of vineyards are constrained by factors such as relief, land costs, and pests and diseases, which can affect the emergence of grapevine decline and dieback (GDD) (BASSO et al, 2017)
Our results evidenced that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community composition between GDD and H were highly similar, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Funneliformis mosseae, and Archaeospora trappei were the most frequent fungi recovered in both types of vineyards
Soil characteristics are an important determinant of AMF community assemblages (BALESTRINI et al 2010; SCHREINER & MIHARA 2009), our results showed a limited role of soil factors in shaping AMF communities in vineyards

Summary

Introduction

Expansion and renewal of vineyards are constrained by factors such as relief, land costs, and pests and diseases, which can affect the emergence of grapevine decline and dieback (GDD) (BASSO et al, 2017). Different pathogens may cause early GDD (VALENCIA et al, 2015), which affect trunk, leaves, or fruits (BERTSCH et al, 2012). Plants affected by GDD have low vigor, internerval leaf chlorosis, and weak, uneven branches (MENEZES-NETTO et al, 2016). The plant vegetative stage affects the symptoms since grapevines are more susceptible to onset of GDD at the beginning of the fruiting stage (AL-MAWAALI et al, 2013). GDD results in low plant stand, and plants die before the investment in vineyard installation is recovered. Research on this subject in Brazil is scant and mostly focused on pathogenic fungi in the country’s southern region (GARRIDO et al, 2004; DAMBROS et al, 2016; MENEZES-NETTO et al, 2016). Among the procedures proposed to solve GDD problems, and the association between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and grapevines is a possibility

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