Occurrence and quantification of Anelloviruses and Herpesviruses in gingival tissue in Chinese Shanghai sub-population

Yu Zhang,Shaokun Pan,Tian Yu,Jun Pei,Xiping Feng,Youhua Xie,Jing Liu

doi:10.1186/s12903-020-01188-2

Abstract

BackgroundHerpesviruses and bacteria and their interplay have long been believed to play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, but other microbial entities in the oral environment might also be involved. Anelloviruses are commonly detected in human, including in oral samples. The aim of the present study was to explore the occurrence and co-occurrence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and human anelloviruses (HTTVs) in gingival tissue samples collected from participants recruited in Shanghai, China.MethodsGingival tissues were collected from 159 participants (57 with aggressive periodontitis (AP), 59 with chronic periodontitis (CP) and 43 with healthy periodontal status). The presence of HCMV, EBV, torque teno virus (TTV), torque teno mini virus (TTMV) and torque teno midi virus (TTMDV) DNA was detected by nested-PCR. The virus loads were quantified by real-time PCR.ResultsThe detection rates of EBV, TTV, TTMV and TTMDV were significantly higher in the AP and CP groups compared to the healthy group (all P < 0.01). A statistically significant association was found between EBV, TTV and TTMV virus load and periodontitis (all P < 0.05). Participants infected with EBV showed significantly higher infection rates and higher virus loads of TTV and TTMV than the EBV-negative group (all P < 0.05). The coexistence rates of EBV and anelloviruses and the coexistence of three HTTVs were significantly higher in AP and CP groups (all P < 0.01).ConclusionsCollectively, results obtained in this study suggest that HTTVs and the coexistence of EBV and HTTVs in particular, may be associated with periodontitis. Possible mechanisms of the interaction between herpesviruses and anelloviruses in the context of periodontitis require further investigation.

Highlights

Herpesviruses and bacteria and their interplay have long been believed to play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, but other microbial entities in the oral environment might be involved
The aim of the present study is to examine the occurrence and co-occurrence of Human torque teno viruses (HTTVs), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in gingival tissue samples taken from outpatients with aggressive and chronic periodontitis and those with healthy periodontal status in Shanghai, China
Presence of EBV, HCMV and HTTVs sequences in gingival tissues taken from the participants were analyzes using nested-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and positive samples were further analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (Table 2)

Summary

Introduction

Herpesviruses and bacteria and their interplay have long been believed to play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, but other microbial entities in the oral environment might be involved. Anelloviruses are commonly detected in human, including in oral samples. Periodontitis is believed to be caused by interplay among oral microorganisms, the hosts, and environmental factors [3]. As a potential risk factor for periodontitis, viruses have been received increasing attention. Viral sequences belonging to including herpesviruses, papilloma viruses, human Tlymphotropic virus-111, and anelloviruses have been identified in periodontal lesions [5,6,7]. Complex interaction between herpesviruses and bacteria may underlie the pathogenesis of periodontitis, with herpesviruses promoting bacterial adherence, invasion and upgrowth, while bacterial factors facilitating herpesvirus colonization and reactivation [8]

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