Occurrence and Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Yunnan Black Goats in China

Shi-Chen Xie,Feng-Cai Zou,Dan Chen,Yang Zou,Xiao-Dan Yuan,Zhao Li,Meng-Meng Jiang,Xing-Quan Zhu,Jian-Fa Yang,Jin-Liang Sheng

doi:10.1155/2018/4601737

Abstract

Giardia duodenalis is an important zoonotic parasite which can parasitize in the intestines of humans and various animals. However, the information about the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in goats in China is limited. It is yet to be known whether Yunnan black goats, a unique goat breed in subtropical Yunnan province, southwestern China, are infected with G. duodenalis. Thus, a total of 907 fecal samples were collected from Yunnan black goats in five regions in Yunnan province, to estimate the prevalence and genotypes of G. duodenalis using a PCR-based approach. The G. duodenalis prevalence is 4.2% (38/907) in Yunnan black goats by nested amplification of the β-giardin (bg) gene, and the genotypes are identified as assemblage E, with 5 novel subtypes (E11-E15). Multilocus sequence typing revealed that 11, 18, and 38 samples were amplifiable on tpi (triose phosphate isomerase), gdh (glutamate dehydrogenase), and bg locus, respectively, and identified three novel multilocus genotypes (MLGs): MLGE9-MLGE11. To our knowledge, this is the first report of G. duodenalis prevalence and genotypes in Yunnan black goats in China, which extended the host range of G. duodenalis and provided basic data for controlling G. duodenalis infection in Yunnan black goats.

Highlights

A total of 907 fecal samples were randomly collected from Yunnan black goats in Chuxiong, Lijiang, and Xishuangbanna prefectures, Yunnan province, southwestern China (Figure 1)
A total of 907 fecal samples were collected from Yunnan black goats in five regions in Yunnan province (Figure 1), and 38 (4.2%, 95% CI, 2.9-5.5) were G. duodenalis-positive based on the amplification of the bg gene
G. duodenalis prevalence was significantly different among the study areas (χ2=10.933, df =4, P < 0.05), between different age groups (χ2=5.208, df =1, P < 0.05), and between different genders (χ2=1.615, df =1, P > 0.05)

Summary

Introduction

Giardia lamblia and Giardia intestinalis) is a common enteric protozoan parasite which can infect humans and a wide range of animal species. G. duodenalis infection can cause a series of diseases which have important effects on human and animal health, such as abdominal cramps, diarrhea, weight loss, and malabsorption [1,2,3]. G. duodenalis infection can be caused by ingesting cysts in contaminated water or food, or through fecal-oral access due to wastewater [4,5,6]. G. duodenalis has a high prevalence in some low-income areas and developing countries [10,11,12,13]

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