Occurrence and incidence of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, Arabis mosaic virus, and Apple mosaic virus on oil rose (Rosa damascena) in the Lakes region of Turkey

Abstract

This study was carried out during 2006–07 in oil rose (Rosa damascena) production areas in the Lakes region of Turkey. During the months of April and August, leaf samples showing virus and virus-like symptoms were collected periodically from rose plantations. During surveys, photos of typical virus symptoms were taken. A total of 218 samples from 10 oil rose growing plantations were collected. All samples were tested for Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), and Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS–ELISA). Among the samples tested, ArMv, PNRSV, and ApMV were found in 51.8%, 35.7%, and 17.8% of the collection, respectively. Serological tests also indicate that ArMV is the most common virus on oil rose varieties. Mixed infections of ArMV+PNRSV, ArMV+ApMV, PNRSV+ApMV, and ArMV+PNRSV+ApMV were also detected in the rose samples tested. An infection by ArMV, PNRSV, and ApMV, either singly or in combination, is usually responsible for rose mosaic disease. However, mixed infections of PNRSV and ArMV were detected in 54 rose samples tested. Inoculation with extracts from ArMV-positive plants produced systemic vein banding on Cucumis sativus, chlorotic local lesions on French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and systemic mosaic on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Inoculation with extracts from PNRSV-positive plants produced systemic mosaic, stunting, and vein banding on C. sativus, and necrotic local lesions on cowpea. Inoculation with extracts from ArMV–positive plants produced necrotic local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor and Chenopodium quinoa, and chlorotic local lesions, mottling, and systemic mosaic on C. sativus. As a result, the existence of ArMV, PNRSV, and ApMV were found in this region. This is the first study of the occurrence and incidence of ApMV on oil rose in Turkey. In addition, symptoms caused by Rose spring dwarf virus and Rose rosette virus were observed in these plantations.