Occurrence and distribution of arginine kinase in crustacea with special reference to kurumaebi Penaeus japonicus collected from Lake Hamana and Nearby area.

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Arginine kinase activities were determined in the whole body or in the muscle of fifteen crustacean species. It could be confirmed that the enzyme activities were high in Penaeus japonicus, Portunus sanguinolentus and Portunus trituberculatus. The highest enzyme activity in Penaeus japonicus was found in the swimmeret muscle and this was followed by the dorsal and ventral muscles. In the case of Portunus trituberculatus, the highest activity was obtained for the coxa muscle followed by the palm muscle. The highest enzyme activity in Procambarus clarki was exhibited by the dorsal muscle.The fluctuation of enzyme activity due to growth was observed in Penaeus japonicus whose body weight ranged from 0.31mg to 4g. The enzyme activity per 1g of whole body increased with the growth of body weight of Penaeus japonicus. Specific activity, which is the activity per 1mg of protein also increased but reached to almost a constantlevel at 0.6g of body weightin Penaeus japonicus. The enzyme activity in the dorsal muscle of Penaeus japonicus which weighed from 1 to 25g exhibited an increasing tendency with increase of body weight. Starch gel electrophoresis did not show the presence of isoenzymes of arginine kinase during the growth period of Penaeus japonicus.In order to determine the effects of environmental factors on enzyme activity, the rearing experiment of Penaeus japonicus was carried out at 15, 20 and 25°C. The enzyme activity was almost the same at these different rearing temperatures. The rearing of Penaeus japonicus at different salinity levels, such as 25, 34 and 42.5‰ was carried out but the enzyme activity did not change due to these different salinities.