Occurence of gallbladder stones and its association with HbA1C among participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus: One-year cross-sectional study

Abstract

Aims: The aim was to study the occurrence of gallbladder stones and its association with HbA1c among participants with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Settings and Design: This was a 1-year cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods: The study was done on 200 participants of Type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted in the Department of General Medicine over a period of 1 year from January 2018 to December 2018. A thorough medical history was obtained, and clinical examination and investigations were performed on the study participants. Ultrasonography of the abdomen was done with special reference to gallbladder and gallstones. Statistical Analysis: The data were entered into Excel 2010 and analyzed by SPSS version 20.0 software. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the two attributes. Results: The occurrence of gallbladder stones was 33.50%, with 67 Type 2 diabetes mellitus participants having asymptomatic gallstones out of the total 200 study participants. The association of higher occurrence of gallstones was found to be statistically significant with higher HbA1c values. In the participants with gallstones, the mean HbA1c was 9.67 ± 2.16%. The maximum number of participants belonged to the group of study participants having HbA1c range of 08%–9.9%, which consists of 44.5% of the total study participants. Conclusions: The occurrence of gallbladder stones was 33.50% among Type 2 diabetes participants. A higher HbA1c level was found to be significantly associated with gallstone formation. This knowledge may provide an early interventional opportunity to implement adequate measures for a strict glycemic control and prevent further morbidity and mortality.