Abstract
Occupational therapy (OT) makes a unique contribution to chronic pain (CP) management due to its overarching focus on occupation. The aim of this scoping review was to describe current knowledge about this contribution by documenting OT roles, models, assessments, and intervention methods used with adults living with CP. A systematic search exploring 10 databases and gray literature from 2006 to 2017 was conducted. Fifty-two sources were retained and analysed. Results bring forward the main role of OT being improving activities and participation (76.9 %), the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance (9.6 %), and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (21.2 %). Within the 30 reported interventions, 73.3% related directly to the person, 20% pertained to occupation (activities and participation), and 6.7% addressed environmental factors. The distinction and complementarity between the bottom-up and the top-down approaches to OT intervention were discussed. This review highlights OT specificity in adult CP management.
Highlights
Introduction e World HealthOrganization (WHO) recognizes chronic pain (CP) as a public health problem throughout the world
The main question was, “What is the current state of knowledge about Occupational therapy (OT) for CP management in adults?” ree underlying questions based on the scientific literature contributed to documenting the OT process: (i) “What is the role of an occupational therapist for CP management in adults?” (ii) “Which assessment methods are available for use by the occupational therapist in CP management in adults?” (iii) “Which interventions support the OT intervention in CP management in adults?”
A total of 52 sources were included in this scoping review: 19 reviews, 13 empirical studies, 7 qualitative studies, 6 documents from the gray literature, 3 descriptive studies, 3 author opinions, and 1 mixed-method study. ese sources originated in the USA (n 21; 40.4%), Canada (n 8; 15.4%), Sweden (n 6; 11.5%), Spain (n 3; 7.8%), Australia, France, Ireland, Germany, Netherlands (n 2 for each of them; 3.8%), Belgium, Denmark, Swiss, and United Kingdom (n 1 for each of them; 1.9%)
Summary
Introduction e World HealthOrganization (WHO) recognizes chronic pain (CP) as a public health problem throughout the world. Being involved in meaningful life situations is a determinant of health and well-being and is itself an effective therapy [6]. According to these authors, occupation is everything people do to occupy themselves, including looking after themselves (self-care), enjoying life (leisure), and contributing to the social and economic fabric of their communities (productivity). The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) [9] provides a common and shared understanding of functioning as well as a language that is multidisciplinary [10] and uses “disability” as an umbrella term which includes impairments (in body structures and functions), activity limitations, and participation restrictions [9]. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) [9] provides a common and shared understanding of functioning as well as a language that is multidisciplinary [10] and uses “disability” as an umbrella term which includes impairments (in body structures and functions), activity limitations, and participation restrictions [9]. rough their overarching focus on occupational performance and occupational engagement, occupational therapists make a unique contribution to pain prevention and management programs [11]
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