Occupational therapy practice in psychiatric day hospitals: A scoping review

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Introduction: The aim of this scoping review was to explore whether clear guidelines for the practice of occupational therapists in psychiatric day hospitals exist, both locally and globally. Methodology: Searches were conducted in January 2024; 38 articles were screened and 22 were identified for data extraction. Articles were imported onto Covidence software. Data charting was done, and data were exported into a Microsoft Excel sheet, where content analysis was performed based on the review’s objectives. Synthesis of the results was done through discussion and reported according to the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Results: Thirty-eight articles were included but only 22 were relevant. Group therapy, individualised therapy, vocational and community workshops were identified as common modes of intervention in psychiatric day hospitals. Occupation-based activities are integral to intervention. However, there was no explicit definition regarding the role of occupational therapy and practice guidelines for psychiatric day hospitals. Conclusion: The general scope of occupational therapy remains the same for overnight hospitals, day hospitals and community-based centres. It is mainly occupation-centred, function-orientated, and patient-centred. However, there remains ambiguity on specific practice principles and guidelines that clearly define the role of occupational therapists in day hospitals. There is a need for occupational therapy practice guidelines specific for psychiatric day hospitals. Implications for Practice The study provides valuable insights into the current knowledge and availability regarding the role and scope of practice for occupational therapy in the rapidly expanding psychiatric day hospital setting, emphasising areas for further development. Tangible evidence was identified on therapeutic principles, practice approaches, program content, and guidance for resource allocation in psychiatric day hospitals, which can be translated into practical guidelines. Ultimately, the results inform occupational therapy service delivery, solidify the profession’s role in psychiatric care, and contribute towards National Health Insurance (NHI) policy development.