Abstract
Occupational segregation refers to the uneven distribution of social groups (e.g., gender, race, ethnicity) across occupations in a national, regional, or local labor market. The level of occupational segregation indicates the extent to which groups are distributed unevenly across occupations. Perfect segregation occurs if no occupations are populated by workers from different groups; perfect integration occurs if every occupation contains the same proportion of workers from each social group. Levels of occupational segregation are typically measured with the Duncan index (D), which measures the percentage of members of a social group who would have to change occupations in order to achieve perfect integration, or the log‐linear index (A), which indicates the multiplicative factor by which members of a social group are overrepresented in the average occupation. The pattern of segregation refers to the configuration of representation in particular occupations. Patterns of gender segregation, for example, are described by the percentage of men (or women) in each occupation or by the odds ratios in a table of counts of men and women in each occupation (e.g., Charles and Grusky, 2004).
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