Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic is generating multiple changes in the country's health reality, including situations typical of the nursing professional practice and its environment. Objective: To determine the relationship between occupational risk and work stress in nurses who care for patients with COVID-19 in Emergency at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN). Methodology: The study had a quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional and non-experimental design approach. The population consisted of 58 nurses working in the INEN Emergency Service (Lima-Peru). Two instruments were used: "Questionnaire to measure occupational risk in nurses" and the "Scale for measuring work stress in nurses". Results: 46.6% of the participants presented a high occupational risk level, 43.1% medium risk and 10.3% low occupational risk. The biological risk and psychosocial risk showed a mainly high level (69.0% and 53.4% respectively) and the chemical risk (46.6%), physical (56.9%) and ergonomic (48.3%) a preponderant average level. On the other hand, the work stress present in the participants was 46.6% high level, 32.8% medium level and 10.3% low. Regarding the association of variables, a p = 0.005 (direct correlation) was obtained between occupational risk and occupational stress and a Spearman Rho coefficient of 0.364. On the other hand, values p = 0.029, p = 0.200, p = 0.007, p = 0.102, were obtained for biological risk, chemical risk, physical risk and ergonomic risk respectively, which determines the non-existence of association of these variables with the work stress; On the other hand, a value of p = 0.007 of the social risk (direct correlation) and a Spearman's Rho coefficient = 0.348 were presented. Conclusion: The occupational risk was significantly related to the work stress of the nurses who care for patients with COVID-19 in the INEN Emergency Department. Likewise, regarding the dimensions of occupational risk: psychosocial risk was also significantly related to occupational stress. On the other hand, biological risk, chemical risk, physical risk and ergonomic risk were not related to work stress.
Highlights
In 1984, the annual International Labor Conference of the International Labor Organization (ILO) emphasized that the improvement of working conditions and the working environment constitute a positive contribution to national development and a measure of the success of any social and economic policy; to this end, the following principles, among others, were pointed out: Work should be carried out in a safe and healthy environment, and working conditions should be adequate for the well-being of workers and consistent with the dignity of the person (Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, 2012)
Labor Stress,364**,005 58 1,000 . 58 In Table 1, the value of p = 0.005 determines that there is a direct correlation between occupational risk and occupational stress among nurses attending patients with COVID-19 in the Emergency Department of Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN)
The results show that the relationship between occupational risk and occupational stress, determine a low but significant direct correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.364
Summary
Since time immemorial, man has transformed nature according to his needs. Before the pandemic in 2019, the World Bank estimated the participation rate in the total world labor force at 60.7% of the population over 15 years of age (World Bank,2020). This population to achieve high competitiveness requires resources that today are immersed in a changing environment, due to the rapid development of technology, product of globalization and its impact on the social, economic and political environment, which requires the worker greater degree of autonomy, flexibility, initiative and adaptability to new situations, often generating imbalances in the person, which is considered as work stress. Job stress negatively affects the psychological and physical health of workers, and the efficiency of the entities for which they work (Stavroula, et al, 2004)
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