Abstract
Purpose of the article: Acrylate and methacrylate (MA) use in the dental industry is widespread, being utilized in dental prostheses and composite resins, dentin bonding materials, and glass ionomers. However, occupational methacrylate allergy in dental personnel is a growing phenomenon. The aims of this retrospective observational study are to evaluate the risk of occupational contact dermatitis following exposure to methacrylates in dental personnel and to identify possible preventive measures. Materials and Methods: A total of 126 subjects exposed to acrylic and methacrylic resins in their professional context and who reported clinical manifestations were included from our outpatient department database. These were subdivided into two groups: 81 dental technicians and 45 dental hygienists. All the subjects had undergone patch testing with a “methacrylate series” (FIRMA) and readings were taken after 2 days (D2), 4 days (D4), and 7 days (D7). Results: A significantly higher incidence of methacrylate allergy was found in the dental technician group compared to the dental hygienists. Among the dental technicians, 40.7% of the subjects presented skin manifestations. The hands were the most frequently affected sites. Conclusion: Our results confirm the high sensitizing potential of MA in the workplace for dental personnel and in particular an increased professional risk in work where the hands are directly involved (dental technicians). Patch testing as an integrated part of a screening tray is needed for a complete evaluation of occupational skin allergy due to MA in dental personnel. The adoption of proper primary preventive measures, including gloves, protective eyewear, face shields, and disposable gowns, can be useful in preventing new cases of contact dermatitis, which may lead to a change of occupation in dental personnel.
Highlights
Acrylates and methacrylates (MA) are different types of chemical products deriving from the esterification of acrylic and methacrylic acids
In this retrospective observational study, data were obtained from our outpatient department database and included patients that had been evaluated using patch testing for allergic contact dermatitis from January 2017 to December 2018
The study population was divided into two groups: 81 dental technicians and 45 dental hygienists for whom it was possible to assume an allergic reaction to MA
Summary
Acrylates and methacrylates (MA) are different types of chemical products deriving from the esterification of acrylic and methacrylic acids. Their reactivity varies according to the type of acid used for the esterification process. Acrylic monomer use is widespread, being used in dental prostheses and composite resins, dentin bonding materials, and glass ionomers [1,2,3,4]. Dental personnel are at risk of developing acrylate and methacrylate allergy [5]. Acrylate allergy is characterized by a facial and/or eyelid rash, eczematous finger pulp fissuring (pulpitis), nail dystrophy, and/or periungual dermatitis [6,7]. Acrylates and MA can be responsible for occupational asthma [9,10]
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