Abstract
Risk of occupational injuries and illnesses among women has not been studied in detail in the literature. This entry summarizes the literature of occupational health and safety by focusing on the three public health questions concerning the different effects of occupational exposure on men and women, including (1) the impact of choosing physically demanding work and longer working hours, especially when women are often not exempted from the traditional domestic and family duties in households, (2) the heterogeneous health effects of the same chemical, physical, and psychological hazards in the workplace on gender, and (3) the impact of such hazards on reproductive outcomes. Further research is needed for all three areas, but research on the heterogeneous effects of chemical, physical, and psychological hazards by gender are most needed. This will overcome the current situation whereby much of the exposure limits and ergonomic design are based on average male physical and biological capacity.
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