Abstract
This article does not purport to offer a comprehensive survey of international occupational health and safety (OHS) practice and theoretical perspectives. Instead, it traces historically the main developments in the field of the legal regulation of the health and safety of workers and others at work, from the early nineteenth century British Factory Acts to the widespread reforms in OHS regulation since the 1970s. The emphasis of the article is on Britain, the rest of Europe and North America. Within this framework, and with a special focus on the movement from command and control to self regulatory models, the chapter examines three themes of particular importance in the development of OHS regulatory regimes, wherever found. These are: the different styles of OHS standard setting, the variable models of enforcement by state sponsored inspectorates, and the broader ideological significance of OHS regimes, most particularly the relationship between OHS and industrial relations, and the legal institutions (typically OHS representatives and committees) which promote worker participation in OHS.
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