Occlusion of Liver Veins (Budd-Chiari Syndrome) in Childhood: A Case Report

Abstract

The Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare cause of portal hypertension during childhood. We report on a 2-year-old boy suffering from liver congestion and ascites. No cause for the occlusion of the liver veins was found. There was an almost complete occlusion of the subdiaphragmatic vena cava due to compression by a hypertrophic lobus caudatus. Normal venous pressure could be demonstrated below this subtotal occlusion while numerous venous collaterals into the areas of the venae azygos and hemiazygos were encountered. A mesocaval shunt operation, therefore, seemed to be appropriate. There was, however, no decrease in production of ascites postoperatively. Repeat cavography now showed an elevation of venous pressure caused by the additional inflow of portal blood which could not, as expected, be compensated by caval collaterals. Therefore, a mesoatrial shunt was performed eight days after the first operation. However, even this additional shunt did not decrease the enormous production of ascites, and the child finally died. Hemodynamic and lymphodynamic pathways of the Budd-Chiari syndrome are discussed. Possibly a mesoatrial shunt in the first place, followed by a mesocaval shunt, would have been the better operative strategy.