Occlusal contact changes in patients treated with clear aligners: A retrospective evaluation using digital dental models

Abstract

This study used digital intraoral scans to evaluate how clear aligner treatment affects occlusal contacts and to determine the influence of sex and age on contact changes. Results were compared with contact changes that occur during fixed appliance therapy. Patients included in this study were treated in a University setting and private practice. Inclusion criteria were a Class I malocclusion treated nonextraction with clear aligners and the presence of pretreatment and posttreatment digital intraoral scans. Scans were imported into specialized software, and occlusal contacts were analyzed. The effects of age and sex on contact changes during clear aligner treatment were determined. Changes in occlusal contacts were compared with changes that occur during nonextraction treatment of patients with a Class I relationship using fixed edgewise appliances. A total of 45 clear aligner patients fit the eligibility criteria. Clear aligner treatment reduced the percentage of tight, near, and approximating contacts, whereas the percentage of open and no contacts increased. These changes in occlusal contacts were greater for the older age group studied. Genderinfluenced occlusal contact changes in the anterior dentition only where the decrease in near contacts and increase in open contacts were greater for males. These results for patients treated with clear aligners were similar to those for patients treated with fixed appliances; both treatment modalities reduced close occlusal contacts at the time active treatment was completed. These results indicated that when clear aligners or fixed appliances are used to treat a Class I malocclusion, the resulting occlusion immediately after debonding is not as "tight" as it was at pretreatment.