Abstract
S ince the human skull is essentially divided into two bones, i.e., the mandible and the rest of the head (craniomaxillary bone) ,I the maxillary dental arch is considered to be fixed to the cranium with the nasomaxillary complex and thus immobilized, whereas the mandible is a single bone which is the movable component in mastication. Therefore, the maxillary dentition seems to be governed by the growth of the craniomaxillary complex, while the mandibular dentition is carried in a general downward and forward direction by growth on the posterior border of the ramus and top of the condyle. Viewed in this manner, the balanced occlusion would imply that the morphogenetic pattern of each facial component and its growth and development are also so synchronized that they maintain a reasonable proportion of size and form together with a proper spatial relationship of the basal bones of the upper and lower dentitions.2 This primarily requires the synchronization of the growth of the craniomaxillary complex and mandible in rate and time of growth, sequences, and size attainment as a whole. However, facial bones and areas to which they contribute show wide ranges of variability in these matters, and the variants are not always in the same direction .3 Therefore, the lack of synchronization among them will cause a dysplastic facial pattern in all or some of the components, unless the variants compensate each other to some degree.4r h Thus, the proper occlusion of teeth would reflect the result of the dynamic as well as the static synchronization or compensation of the growth which each face confronts. However, growth of the craniomaxillary complex and the mandible with the mixtures of cartilaginous component (cranial base synchondrosis, nasal septum, and mandibular condyle) and of membranous elements, all under the control or influence of morphogenetic factors or function, is still not completely understood.6 This means that the growth of the mandible and the craniomaxillary complex could be considered to be governed by different growth mechanisms of
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