Abstract
Occipitocervical fusion is not a routine operation and is a challenging procedure due to complex anatomy of the craniocervical junction. Its unique anatomic and biomechanical property subjects any instrumentation construct to significant stress. Instability at this region can be caused by a variety of acute and chronic conditions and subtle neurological symptoms in patients. Recognition of OC instability, followed by treatments including reduction, immobilization, and operative fixation, are the goals. Bony fusion is the ultimate goal of OC reconstruction. Several instrumented fixation systems have evolved from wire and cable techniques to plates, rods, and screws. Recently screw-rod constructs are more favored because of ease of use and superior biomechanical properties. Rigid internal fixation eliminates the need for prolonged rigid external orthotics and results in improved arthrodesis rate.
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