OC10.06: Additive manufacturing technologies applied in fetal medicine researches

Abstract

Objectives: To generate physical fetal models using images obtained by 3-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS), magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) to guide additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Methods: Images from 45 fetuses, including 4 sets of twins, were used. Twenty-three fetuses were normal and evaluated only by 3DUS. Twenty-two cases had complications such as conjoined twins; tumors; aneuploidy; skeletal; central nervous system; facial or thoracic defects. Scans were performed using high-resolution 3DUS. In cases of abnormalities, MR and CT were performed on the same day as 3DUS. The images obtained with 3DUS, MR or CT, were exported to a workstation in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format. A single observer performed slice-by-slice manual segmentation using a digital high definition screen. Software that converts medical images into numerical models was used to construct virtual 3D models, which were physically realised using AM technologies (SLA Viper, Objet Connex 350, ZCorp 510 or FDM Vantage). Results: The main outcomes presented were the possibility to create 3D virtual and physical models from 3DUS, MRI or CT both separately and also in various combinations. AM systems allow the conversion of a 3D virtual model to a physical model in a fast, easy and dimensionally accurate process. They were remarkably similar to the postnatal appearance of the aborted fetus or newborn baby. Conclusions: This study introduced the innovative use of AM models into fetal researches. The results suggest a new possibility for educational purposes or better interaction between parents and their unborn child during pregnancy. Normal fetus (29 weeks): Virtual and physical model built in a powder-based system.