Abstract
360-degree bend flowmeters were applied to determine pulsatile flow rates in water. Experiments were performed using bend flowmeters with curvature radius ratios of 7, 10 and 30 under the conditions of Womersley numbers of α=2.1−18, mean Reynolds numbers of Reta=800−5×104 and oscillatory Reynolds numbers of Reos=600−1.6×104. The pressure difference across the bend was found to be independent of the pulsation frequency and to conveniently vary with almost the same phase as the instantaneous flow rate. A method for measuring the instantaneous flow rate is proposed as well as a method for estimating the time-mean and amplitude values of the pulsatile flow rate. It is concluded that 360-degree bend flowmeters can be used to measure the pulsatile flow rate.
Highlights
In various plants, piping systems and fluid machines and devices, it is essential to know the flow rate and the state of flow at any time
A is the cross-sectional area of the bend
The measured flow rate approaches that of the flow driven by the flow generator as the mean Reynolds number increases
Summary
In various plants, piping systems and fluid machines and devices, it is essential to know the flow rate and the state of flow at any time. Many methods of performing fluid measurements have been rapidly developed and modified. As seen from restriction flowmeters, long-term efforts to develop methods of performing flow measurements have focused on steady pipe flows. The flows in pipes are frequently unsteady, such as the flows discharged from a rotary and a bellows pump or emitted from a reciprocating engine. The gas in an oxygenator and the blood in arteries are unsteady and time-dependent periodic flows. Several studies have been carried out to obtain unsteady flow rates using conventional equipment [1,2,3]. A number of problems remain to be solved [4]
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