Abstract
The results of developing of colored jewelry enamels on the base of lead-free glass for decorative, artistic and jewelry articles made of gold, silver and copper are presented. The development of enamel coatings of different colors and shades was conducted on one lead-free glass base, which was dyed with ionic dyes during glass founding. The development of colored enamel coatings on the lead–free glass makes it possible to reduce the cost of jewelry enamel and contributes to the solution of ecological problems, connected with the pollution of the environment with lead compounds. The glass which ensures the smooth enamel coating on copper samples (M1 copper with the thickness of 1 mm) was developed in the system of Na 2 O–B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –K 2 O–BaO–TiO 2 –ZnO–TiO 2. It was established that the introduction of additives TiO 2 , MoO 3 and Fe 2 O 3 increases the enamel coatings luster. Adding TiO 2 to 15 mass p. and MoO 3 to 3,0 mass p. makes it possible to increase the luminosity of enamels (CDR) up to 35 %). Green, mustard, violet, dark-blue and brown enamels were obtained while adding ionic dyes to the composition of the developed glass. In this case, the luster of the obtained enamels is 57–99 %, which indicates a high fusing degree. The scale of the quality evaluation of different color coating was developed, which makes it possible to classify the defects of enamel layer while applying on gold, silver and copper. The work shows possibility of obtaining the enamel coatings of different colors and shades for artistic and jewelry applying to the base of the glass of one chemical composition with different dyes. The application of such enamels will make it possible to simplify the technology of obtaining the finished articles and lower the probability of defect forming on the enamel coating. The developed enamels can be recommended to the tests under production conditions.
Highlights
The complex technology of manufacturing the artistic enameled articles, the lack of production standards, the enamels of insufficient quality and high percentage of defective finished articles are the main problems with enameling of the nonferrous metals [4]
In the analysis of the obtained dependencies of CMR of the painted coatings on the content of titanium oxide in the glass 10N (Fig. 4), it was noted that the introduction of 10 mass % of TiO2 to the compositions, which contain cobalt and nickel oxides, leads to an increase in luster
The enamels dyed with cobalt oxide relate to the dark-colored ones according to the work [24], since they have low luminosity of 6,6–10 % and low color purity of 1–5 %
Summary
The application of the colored glass as the coating fused to the metallic surface is one of the earliest technologies in the decorative applied art. This form of the decoration of different articles made of gold, silver and copper has not lost its popularity until today. The development of new formulations of artistic enamels is an urgent task, which will facilitate the development of decorative applied art and jewelry production. The complex technology of manufacturing the artistic enameled articles, the lack of production standards, the enamels of insufficient quality and high percentage of defective finished articles are the main problems with enameling of the nonferrous metals [4]
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