Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root has long been used in traditional medicine due to its various therapeutic properties. One of the main active components in licorice root is glycyrrhizin, which has been shown to possess numerous pharmacological effects. Glycyrrhizin, one of the major compounds present in licorice root, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor propertiesas well as antiviral properties against influenza virus and coronavirus COVID-19. The demand for licorice root extracts is increasing, particularly for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the quality and consistency of licorice extracts can vary depending on the extraction method used. Therefore, the aim of this study was to optimise the technology for obtaining dry extracts from licorice roots and standardise the process for increased consistency and quality of the final product. In this study, two different methods for extraction were compared: ultrasound-assisted extraction using water and alcohol-water solvents. The extracted samples were then subjected to various quality control tests, including glycyrrhizin content and moisture content. The content of glycyrrhizin in the obtained dry extracts was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The standardisation of the dry extract was performed according to the Pharmacopoeia of the Eurasian Economic Union. The results showed that the optimised technology for obtaining dry extracts from licorice roots was water extraction with ultrasound, as it yielded a higher content of glycyrrhizin compared to ethanol extraction with ultrasoundand the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction were an extraction time of 60 minutes, frequency of ultrasound bath at 40 kHz, an extraction temperature of 30°C, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:6. The standardisation process confirmed the presence of glycyrrhizic acid and purity of the obtained dry extract.
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