Obtaining dihaploid lines of soft winter wheat with complex resistance to rust and hard smut by anther culture in vitro

Abstract

Aim. Obtaining homozygous linear material of winter soft wheat of different genetic origin (complex hybrids), which are resistant to different types of rust by androgenesis in vitro. Methods. In vitro culture of isolated anthers of wheat. The percentage of callus and regeneration of green plants for each genotype calculated as a percentage of the planted anthers. Methods of phytopathological assessment of resistance to complex of various diseases. Results. The differences in the frequency of сallus induction (from 0.99 to 16.26 % of planted anthers) and the ability to regenerate plants (from 0 to 3.05 % of planted anthers) in the process of androgenesiss in vitro of winter soft wheat were detected. Fertile regenerants in the anthers culture 5 out of 9 studied hybrids have been obtained. The effectiveness of the last process was different: from 12.5 to 60.0 % (an average of 29.41 %) from the received regenerants. The high degree (8–9 points) of the resistance of the obtained dihaploids to a complex of diseases was shown. Conclusions. Genotype-specific of microspores morphogenetic reactions of soft winter wheat in the process of androgenesis in vitro were revealed. The highest level of callus formation were shown for samples 120/20 and 132/20. 15 dihaploid lines with complex rust resistance and hard smut were obtained.