Abstract
The relevance of the study is conditioned by the need to develop and implement technological solutions for processing food and garden waste into compost. The purpose of this study is to investigate the methods of obtaining compost from the organic component of household waste and analyse composts for compliance with the requirements for their use as fertilisers. Theoretical research on the issues of the application of an organic component of a firm household waste as a raw material for compost production is carried out. According to statistical information on the accumulation of household waste in Ukraine, the amount of food and garden waste in the regions of Ukraine has been calculated. Modern methods of industrial processing of food and garden waste into compost are analysed, and the most effective technology from the standpoint of ecology and energy saving is determined. Data on the influence of composted digestate on crop yields are given. Composts were analysed for compliance with the requirements for their use as fertilisers The data show that the difference between the content of heavy metals in the composted digestate and compost from food waste is not significant and both composts meet the German quality requirements of compost. Data on the influence of composted digestate from food waste on the growth of winter grain yields are given. It has been found that the use of composts can supplement conventional mineral fertilisers in crop cultivation. The practical significance of the study is to determine the prospects of obtaining fertiliser from the organic component of solid waste and to determine its effectiveness when applied to the soil
Highlights
In Ukraine, the problem of environmental pollution by household and industrial waste has become acute
Based on the above reference material on the properties of the organic component of solid household waste, the amount of food and garden waste was estimated in the regions of Ukraine, which allows determining the possibility of their use for the production of organic fertiliser and biogas both at the state and regional levels
After analysing the above methods of processing the organic component of solid waste into compost, it can be concluded that taking into account energy saving and environmental protection, compost from the solid fraction of digestate obtained by solid-phase methane fermentation of household waste has significant advantages over the other methods, since, as a result of waste processing, the biogas and compost are obtained, and the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is zero
Summary
In Ukraine, the problem of environmental pollution by household and industrial waste has become acute In this regard, the Cabinet of Ministers in 2017 approved the National Waste Management Strategy until 2030. Biodegradable waste is not allowed to be disposed of in landfills in accordance with the EU Waste Management directive [2] and Directive 1999/31/EC on waste disposal [3] It can be recycled using controlled biotechnological processes that partially or completely transform substances. One way to recycle biodegradable waste is to compost it This strategy suggests processing the organic component of household waste by composting. This applies to waste from private households. The study suggests that measures aimed at reducing the volume of disposal of biodegradable household waste and increasing the volume of waste sent for processing should include: separate collection of solid household waste (SHW); commissioning of waste sorting lines; introduction of projects for biological processing of mixed household waste
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