Abstract
This work aimed to obtain and characterize bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes obtained by cultivating Komagataeibacter hansenii ATCC 23769 using mannitol, glucose, fructose, lactose, glycerol, inulin, and sucrose as carbon sources, and corn steep liquor and Prodex Lac® as alternative sources of nitrogen. The formation of the BC´s gelatinous membrane was monitored for 12 days under static conditions and a temperature of 30 ºC. After purification, the membranes were dried and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The highest BC concentrations were found in the culture medium containing Prodex Lac® as the source of nitrogen. Among sugars, fructose and mannitol presented the best results. TGA analyzes indicate that all membranes have similar thermal behavior. The FTIR results show that the chemically synthesized membranes are equivalent to the structures cited in the literature. The micrographs obtained by SEM showed that the medium might influence BC´s morphology, but in general, all presented nanofibers, an essential feature in the membrane. Thus, the BC membranes synthesized in this study proved that the BC production using low-cost alternative means is feasible. The material obtained meets the expected thermal, physical, and chemical properties.
Highlights
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth
3.1 Effect of nitrogen and carbon sources on membrane formation bacterial cellulose (BC) production is traditionally conducted from commercial culture media containing glucose as a source of carbon and other high-cost nutrients for the process
Several successful by-products such as corn steep liquor [23], sugar cane molasses [24], cheese whey [11], fruit juices [13] has been used for this purpose
Summary
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth. A new cellulose material, bacterial cellulose (BC), has gained more attention in recent years. Bacterial cellulose is made up of β-D-glucopyranose monomers linked by β(1-4) glycosides linkages. Different from cellulose from plants, BC has a three-dimension structure of an ultrafine nanofiber network. BC retains unique properties related to hydroxyl groupsability to form supramolecular interactions of the type intra- and intermolecular [1]. Compared with cellulose from plants, BC is considered free of impurities, like lignin and hemicellulose molecules, challenging to remove. Cellulose has some distinguishing features, like high purity, high porosity, biocompatibility, high mechanical strength and stillness, biodegradability, and renewability, which makes this material attractive for industrial applications [2, 3]
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