Abstract
This paper presents a method of obtaining an operating point configuration for a laser model based on a traveling wave model (TWM), which can then be used in a circuit-level simulator. The method first finds an approximate distributed single-mode stationary solution, this solution is then iterated using the traveling wave equations to an accurate single-mode solution, and finally a short pre-simulation is used to add harmonic content to create a multi-mode configuration of the laser approximating its behavior at an operating point. The effectiveness of this approximation is tested by initiating transient simulations from this operating point and comparing them to the output of the model started from an off state. The stochastic variation in the operating point for a particular configuration is also well predicted. Included in the formulation are gain compression and dispersion effects, laser chirp due to variation in the effective index of the laser mode, and spontaneous emission. Finally, the use of the three-stage process of finding the operating point in a circuit-level simulator is discussed. Not only does the three-stage method provide a quick, accurate operating point for the circuit simulator, but the ability to provide an orders of magnitude faster estimate for the initial circuit-level operating point is critical to the practicality of its use in the simulator. The first stage of the three-stage method does just this.
Highlights
The integration of optical and electronic devices to achieve lower costs and higher functionality is attractive for a wideThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Su Yan .variety of information technology applications
This section will investigate various aspects of the work described above. It will first establish the need for an operating point solution, describe the wide variety of operating point configurations that can arise and establish the ability of the methodology of Sec: III to accurately capture these configurations
It will compare the statistical variation across harmonic steady state configurations of the method with respect to full transient solutions
Summary
The integration of optical and electronic devices to achieve lower costs and higher functionality is attractive for a wideThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Su Yan .variety of information technology applications. The integration of optical and electronic devices to achieve lower costs and higher functionality is attractive for a wide. A key to innovation at the design level for these circuits is the availability of sophisticated computer aided design (CAD) tools such as circuit-level simulators. Work has been ongoing into the development of a wide variety of approaches for optical circuit-level simulation. This progress has involved the creation of frequency and time domain methods for both linear and nonlinear devices and circuits as well as initial work into co-simulation of electronics and optical devices [1]–[5]. The research described in [9] presents a fully integrated optical/electrical simulator within the SPICE-like framework commonly used in electrical circuit simulation
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