Obstructive sleep apnea and vitamin D: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

We pooled data from 18 observational studies involving 5592 individuals. Baseline parameters that might have contributed to the significant differences observed were also analyzed. Patients with OSA had significantly lower serum 25-OHD levels (pooled d + - 0.74 [95% CI: - 1.19 to - 0.28], p < 0.01) and higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (pooled log (odds ratio) 0.98 [95% CI: 0.30 to 1.67], p < 0.01) compared to those without OSA. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that these differences were significant only in moderate OSA and severe OSA. Neither age nor BMI nor geographical latitude contributed significantly to the differences observed in serum 25-OHD levels. The use of CPAP did not lead to significant changes in serum 25-OHD levels. Patients with OSA have lower serum 25-OHD levels with a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, regardless of age or BMI, pointing to an independent association between vitamin D and OSA.