Obstructive sleep apnea and cerebral small vessel disease in community-based older people: an aspirin in reducing events in the elderly imaging substudy

Abstract

Abstract Study Objectives Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase the risk of dementia. A potential pathway for this risk is through cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). In the context of an existing randomized trial of aspirin for primary prevention, we aimed to investigate OSA’s impact on CSVD imaging measures and explore whether aspirin effects these measures over 3 years that differ in the presence or absence of OSA. Methods A substudy of the aspirin in reducing events in the elderly (ASPREE) randomized placebo-controlled trial of low-dose aspirin. Community-dwelling participants aged 70 years and above, without cognitive impairment, cardiovascular disease, or known OSA completed an unattended limited-channel sleep study that calculated the oxygen desaturation index and apnea–hypopnea index. At baseline and 3 years later, volumes of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and silent brain infarctions (SBI) were measured on 1.5 Tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging, and retinal vessel calibers were calculated from retinal vascular imaging. Results Mild and moderate/severe OSA was detected in 48.9% and 29.9%, respectively, of the 311 participants, who had a mean age of 73.7 years (SD 3.4 years), 38.6% female. OSA of any severity was not associated with WMH volumes, SBI, nor retinal vessel calibers at baseline, nor with change in these measures in the 277 participants with repeated measures acquired after 3 years. OSA of any severity did not interact with aspirin on change in these measures over 3 years. Conclusions In healthy older adults undiagnosed OSA was not associated with retinal vascular calibers and neuroimaging measures of CSVD. Clinical Trial Information ASPREE trial has registration with the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) www.isrctn.com, ISRCTN83772183 and with www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01038583. SNORE-ASA has registration with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) at www.anzctr.org.au, ACTRN12612000891820.