Abstract
Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) or female circumcision is all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genital organ or other injuries to the female genital organ whether for cultural or any other non-therapeutic reasons. Female genital mutilation causes numerous complications. Four in such cases multiplies obstetric complications. The aim of this study was to identify obstetric complications due to FGM. Patients and Material: We conducted a comparative prospective case-control study for three months, from January 1st to March 31st, 2014 in the maternity of N’Djamena Mother and Child. It focused on identifying neonatal and/or maternal complications during childbirth due to FGM. The study population consisted of pregnant women at term admitted for delivery labor. All parturients had to present the same sociodemographic and clinical profiles. A history of FGM was the main distinguishing criterion. Results: During the study period, we recorded 312 births to women with genital mutilation, among 1905 deliveries, representing a prevalence of 16.4%. One hundred ninety-one cases of circumcised women responding to the inclusion criteria were selected. Most of these women were between the ages of 20 and 29. The extreme age group was 15 and 39 (with a mean of 24.5 years). FGM was significant in age group over 20 years (Khi2 = 10.8; OR = 2.6 [1.4 - 4.9]; P = 0.001). The type II of FGM which removed a part of the clitoris and the adjacent labia minora represented 64.40% patients in the group of women with FGM. Perinea laceration was the frequent maternal complication among parturient with FGM (Khi2 = 9.8; OR = 2.2 [1.4 to 3.6]; P = 0.0007). FGM type III was associated with a high proportion of maternal complication (Khi2 = 11.2; OR = 7.3 [1.97 - 31.6]; P = 0.0001). Still births were significantly higher in the group of parturient with FGM (11.5%, P = 0.015). Conclusion: Female genital mutilation is a common cultural practice in our country; it contributes to worsening maternal and fetal complications.
Highlights
The World Health Organization defines Female genital mutilation (FGM) as all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genital organ or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or any other nontherapeutic reasons [1]
The FGM prevalence compared to births is 16.4%
Age: Age distribution of the patients varied between 15 and 39, mean 24.5 years in which more women were recorded in the age group 20 - 29
Summary
The World Health Organization defines FGM as all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genital organ or other injury to the female genital organs whether for cultural or any other nontherapeutic reasons [1]. They are practiced in 28 countries in the world affecting more than 140 million women and girls, causing the narrowing of the vaginal opening. Patients and Material: We conducted a comparative prospective case-control study for three months, from January 1st to March 31st, 2014 in the maternity of N’Djamena Mother and Child It focused on identifying neonatal and/or maternal complications during childbirth due to FGM.
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