Abstract
This study investigates the obstacles and success for entrepreneurship at Africa. The study also provides a framework for determinants of entrepreneurship that includes three groups of factors: (1) obstacle factors, which include financial and non-financial obstacles; (2) success factors, which include gaining an understanding of the economic environment, determining market gaps, ensuring capital adequacy, and creating a stable cash flow; and (3) business model characteristics, which include benefits for clients, suppliers, founders, investors, and other stakeholders. The study hypothesizes hat there is a relationship between the second and third groups, which creating a new value chain (tangible or intangible) to the society with support from stakeholders. A questionnaire survey was conducted with founders, investors, corporate managers, financial analysts, academics, and graduates who seek new projects from Egypt and Nigeria, and 395 questionnaires were received in the second half of 2018. The study found a difference in entrepreneurship nonbanking and non-financial obstacles between Egypt and Nigeria. This can be explained by differences in the level of efficiency of the stock exchanges and non-banking services, in addition to the differences in legal environments and levels of corruption between Egypt and Nigeria. Moreover, future directions of entrepreneurship are similar across countries, but age has an impact on these directions.
Highlights
1.1 Background People have many career options after graduating or gaining professional experience
H5: There is a significant difference in business model characteristics for entrepreneurship success between Egypt and Nigeria
The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes of founders, investors, corporate managers, academics, and graduates who seek a new project in Egypt and Nigeria to identify the determinants of entrepreneurship, that is, its obstacles and success factors
Summary
1.1 Background People have many career options after graduating or gaining professional experience. This study help an African governments and international organizations to effective implementation of entrepreneurial support program, through creating a new value chain at thire society (this value be a tangible and intangible) get stakeholder support. In terms of strategic positioning, it aims to fulfil consumers’ needs and gain competitive advantages by providing a product (good or service) that adds value for its stakeholders by creating a new value chain (tangible or intangible) in the society. This study does not agree with the results of Ghouse et al (2019), who identified company requirements for entry by the government, availability of dedicated providers to stay ahead of competition, and elevated prices of raw materials All these obstacles are related to economies of scale and enterprise size and not to entrepreneurship. Study compares entrepreneurship between more than one African country, where the previous study included one country. (Peberdy, 2000; Ladzani and Van Vuuren, 2002; Robson et al, 2009; Kojo Oseifuah, 2010; Hattab, 2014; Abou-Warda, 2016; Dakung et al, 2017; Chikha and Jarboui, 2018; Salem and Mobarak, 2019)
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