Obsessive–compulsive disorder in children and adolescents

Abstract

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents is an impairing condition consisting of repetitive, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and distressing repetitive acts (compulsions) for the child. Although it is one of the more common serious mental illnesses, it continues to be shrouded in shame and secrecy. The shame surrounding the condition, in combination with a lack of recognition of its defining symptoms, can lead to delays of several years before diagnosis, yet it is highly responsive to treatment once recognised. Children with OCD frequently present to non-psychiatrists. It is important that paediatricians familiarize themselves with the characteristic symptoms. This review summarizes current research regarding the epidemiology and aetiology of OCD, the assessment of childhood-onset OCD, as well as its psychological and pharmacological management and potential future treatments.