Abstract
Eye gaze is an important signal in social interactions, and it plays an important role to understand what others looking in joint attention (JA) situations. JA has been examined in situations involving two people gazing at objects; however, ecologically, infants observe not only faces that gaze at objects but also those that gaze at other people. Here, we examined how eye gaze directed toward another face affect face preferences in infants. A total of 19 children were observed during a JA situation and a no-JA situation. In the JA situation, an adult face in the central position of the screen shifted her gaze to look at another adult face at a lateral position on the screen. However, during the no JA situation, the central face shifted her eye gaze away from the adult face presented on the screen. At test, for the centrally presented faces, infant looking times were longer at faces in the no JA condition. At test, for the laterally presented faces, looking times were longer at the faces in the JA condition. Thus, the adult’s eye gaze biased the duration of the gaze of the infants at either the central faces or the lateral-cued faces in the preferential looking tests. These results suggest that 10-month-old infants may interpret adult gazing behavior and that this can affect the gazing behavior of infants.
Highlights
Many studies have demonstrated that the human eye gaze is one of the most important signals of non-verbal communication (Senju and Johnson, 2009)
We checked that infants looked first at the central face, shifted to the lateral face and shifted back to the central face; we considered this as a mock initiating joint attention (IJA) situation
To confirm that we had set up a mock IJA situation, we checked that infants looked first at the central face, shifted to the lateral face and shifted back to the central face
Summary
Many studies have demonstrated that the human eye gaze is one of the most important signals of non-verbal communication (Senju and Johnson, 2009). Adults liked avatars more when the avatars followed their gaze contingently, and avatars’ gaze following increased adults’ positive evaluations of them (Grynszpan et al, 2017) Both RJA and IJA situations affect the preference for gaze targets, such that the more people pay visual attention to an object the more other adults like the object (Bayliss et al, 2006). These JA effects have been observed in infants. Gaze cued targets were preferred during the adult study (Bayliss et al, 2006); we expected that infants would prefer the JA lateral face over the no-JA lateral face
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