Abstract
<p>The emergence of religious phenomena that lead certain Muslim groups in Indonesia to spread hatred (religious hate speech) became the primary rationale of this article. This phenomenon occurred because some Muslim groups consider their religious understanding to be the only actual theological truth while ignoring religious ethics in a religiously plural society. Therefore, some questions were raised: Firstly, what is the conceptual structure of Islam? Secondly, what does Islam teach its believers in regards to living together within the Islamic community and living among believers of other different religions? The method of ethics was employed to analyze the two research questions by describing, analyzing, and criticizing the attitude of the Islamic movement, which spreads hatred. From this article, it is expected that Muslims should emphasize not only religious theological but also ethical truth. The findings are as follows: firstly, the conceptual structure of Islam comprises of threefold: Islam, Iman, and Ihsan, which culminate in Ihsan, Sufism, and ethics. Secondly, in regards to becoming a Muslim and embracing it among believers of other religions, Islam essentially relates its religious and theological truth to the religious ethic (the ethic of al-Qur’an), which combines three elements of ethics: God’s, religious, and social ethics. The two latter ethics should always refer to God’s affirmative ethics, for instance, with His Divine attributes of The Most Merciful and Just. God has mercy on human beings and treats all of them justly. Likewise, human beings essentially should do the same in relation to God and fellow human beings.</p>
Highlights
This article is prompted by the emergence of religious phenomena that spread hatred and emphasize the theological truth while ignoring the religious ethics and ethics of religious plural context
The Al-Qur’an, as the holy book of Islam, contains various meanings, so that their understanding and belief in Islam depends on their understanding of the Al-Qur’an. This hatred theology abolishes the religious ethics and ethics of living in a religiously plural society like Indonesia. It certainly damages religious ethics because it contradicts what was taught by the Prophet Muhammad, who stated: “I was sent to refine the good character of human beings.”
He stated: “The best believer is the one with best character” (Madjid, 1994). It undermines the ethic of living in a religiously plural society because the Republic of Indonesia acknowledges the plurality of religions (Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism) and even recognizes indigenous religions
Summary
This article is prompted by the emergence of religious phenomena that spread hatred (religious hate speech) and emphasize the theological truth while ignoring the religious ethics and ethics of religious plural context. The Al-Qur’an, as the holy book of Islam, contains various meanings, so that their understanding and belief in Islam depends on their understanding of the Al-Qur’an This hatred theology abolishes the religious ethics and ethics of living in a religiously plural society like Indonesia. Metaethics, which is known as the moral philosophy analytic camp, philosophically discusses the language context used in moral behavior, such as ‘what is good, bad, just, obligatory, free, responsible, and many others’ (Bertens, 2011, 2017) These three categories of ethics theory were used to describe, interpret, and criticize the attitudes of some Islamic movements which recently commit violence and spread hatred on behalf of the religion. The paper discusses religious ethics and the way adherents of different religions coexist in Indonesia
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