Abstract
We present concrete construction of interior operators for a black hole which is perturbed by an infalling observer. The construction is independent from the initial states of the black hole while dependent only on the quantum state of the infalling observer. The construction has a natural interpretation from the perspective of the boundary operator's growth, resulting from the collision between operators accounting for the infalling and outgoing modes. The interior partner modes are created once the infalling observer measures the outgoing mode, suggesting that the black hole interior is observer dependent. Implications of our results on various conceptual puzzles, including the firewall puzzle, the Marolf-Wall puzzle, and the information problem, are discussed. Explicit counterarguments against the $\mathrm{ER}=\mathrm{EPR}$ approach by Maldacena and Susskind are also presented.
Highlights
In the last decade, our understanding of the black hole interior has significantly advanced by using ideas from quantum information theory
It has led to a conjecture that bulk operators within the entanglement wedge enclosed by the extremal surface of minimal area can be reconstructed on boundary degrees of freedom in the anti–de Sitter (AdS)=conformal field theory (CFT) correspondence [1,2,3,4]
Young black hole interior So far, we have focused on an old black hole that is maximally entangled with the early radiation B
Summary
Our understanding of the black hole interior has significantly advanced by using ideas from quantum information theory. We pointed out that black hole interior operators can be constructed in boundary degrees of freedom by a procedure similar to the Hayden-Preskill thought experiment that runs backward in time [7,8]. The goal of the present paper is to write down concrete expressions of interior operators by explicitly implementing the ideas outlined in these works We discuss their physical interpretations and implications to various conceptual puzzles concerning black hole interiors. Adding an infalling observer has a rather dramatic effect which disentangles the outgoing mode from the early radiation completely This conclusion follows from a certain quantum information theoretic relation, referred to as the decoupling theorem.
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