Observer-based event triggering [formula omitted] LFC for multi-area power systems under DoS attacks

Abstract

This paper investigates the observer-based predictive event-triggered load frequency control (LFC) for a multi-area power system in a smart grid incorporating electric vehicles (EVs) under denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. The DoS attacks were launched in control channels with long duration to block the data transmission process and interrupt the LFC command. This situation becomes even more severe with the integration of EVs in the multi-area power system. The control design formulates the LFC problem as a disturbance attenuation problem in the presence of both long-duration DoS attacks and external disturbances. First, an event-triggering scheme was developed based on the observer in the presence of DoS attacks. Second, a model-based predictive control approach was presented. Then, by using the Lyapunov theory, stability for the multi-area power system with EVs was derived under consideration of the long-duration DoS attacks. Moreover, two algorithms were provided to obtain the model predictive event-triggered control (MPETC) parameters, LFC gains, and control of DoS attacks simultaneously. Finally, a simulation of a two-area power system with EVs was studied to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.