Abstract
Given the importance of wind gusts to structural design and the economic and ecological impacts of extreme winds, there is a need for better understanding of the spatial variability of wind gusts. Sonic anemometer wind measurements at 10-m a.g.l. from 801 US National Weather Service Automated Surface Observation System sites are used to characterize gust climates across the coterminous United States. These data indicate substantial regional and sub-regional variability across a range of gust metrics. For example, the locally-determined 95th percentile gust values exceed 16.46 ms-1 at most sites throughout the central plains, but are below 14.40 ms-1 throughout almost all of the southeastern stations. When site-specific gust metrics are conditionally sampled by the likelihood of deep convection and frequency of extra-tropical cyclones, the results indicate that gust factors tend to be lower in regions with higher convective potential, and higher in areas with a higher frequency of extra-tropical cyclones. Conversely, 1 and 10-year return period gusts are higher in the region with high convective potential, but do not exhibit consistently higher values in regions with a high frequency of extra-tropical cyclones. Terrain complexity and higher surface roughness are also found to increase gust factors but not absolute gust magnitudes.
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