Abstract

Study regionThe Nordic-Baltic region has experienced numerous flooding episodes resulting from heavy rainfall. Such events are costly and may potentially threaten the safety of the population. In this paper we present a temporally long and spatially dense dataset of annual maximum daily precipitation and their date of occurrence measured in a large region covering Fennoscandia and the Baltics (Dyrrdal et al., 2021, doi:10.11582/2021.00015). Study focusWe analyse the long-term (1901–2020) changes at 138 stations and short-term (1969–2020) changes at 724 stations for both annual maxima and their date of occurrence. Further, we assess the climatology of heavy precipitation including record evens, as well as changes in design values. New hydrological insight for the regionResults show a majority of positive trends in daily annual maxima and the 5-year return level, with hotspots in southeast of Norway, southern Sweden and southwest of Finland. Generally, annual maximum precipitation events occur somewhat later in the year now compared to the beginning of the last century. The 5-year return level is relatively homogeneous across the Nordic-Baltic region, with values between 30 and 50 mm, except for a few lower values in Finland and high values mainly exceeding 70 mm at the west coast of Norway.

Highlights

  • Heavy and extreme precipitation, especially in liquid form, is associated with a variety of societal challenges

  • In this paper we present a temporally long and spatially dense dataset of annual maximum daily precipitation and their date of occurrence measured in a large region covering Fennoscandia and the Baltics (Dyrrdal et al, 2021, doi:10.11582/2021.00015)

  • The 5-year return level is relatively homogeneous across the Nordic-Baltic region, with values between 30 and 50 mm, except for a few lower values in Finland and high values mainly exceeding 70 mm at the west coast of Norway

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Summary

Introduction

Especially in liquid form, is associated with a variety of societal challenges. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 38 (2021) 100965 ecosystems may suffer from direct or indirect effects of heavy precipitation Such events can result in large and costly damages to infrastructure, private property, agriculture, and some times human lives. A flooding event in Latvia in August and September of 2017 occurred as a result of 123.1 mm falling in 24 h at Rezekne station, followed by the 3rd wettest September and 6th wettest October on record. These events altogether led to damages to the agriculture sector with an estimated cost of 81 million euro (The Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Latvia, 2018)

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