Abstract
A cylindrical ultrasonic cleaning tank radiated by a PZT with a large horn operated at 27.3 kHz is employed to investigate the manifestations of cavitation in the present research. The characteristics of this cleaning system are analyzed using experimental methods. In this cleaning tank, the nonuniformity of vibration velocity on the radiation surface induces the Eckart streaming, which can eliminate the effect of a standing wave on cleaning efficiency. Fresh tap water and degassed water are employed as test liquids in this research. In tap water, conical streaming is observed as the input voltage of the transducer is increased over 100 V. The structure of conical streaming is anatomized. Its shape varies with the change of input voltage. In degassed water, ultrasonic fireworks are observed and special attention is paid to their subsequences, snowflake bubble clouds and water jet.
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