Abstract
Three bacterial strains, one ofF. peregrinum (Stapp and Spicher) and two Achromobacter strains, have been isolated from soil and shown to decompose either 2,4-D, MCPA orp-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. Aerobic conditions are essential for the bacterial decomposition of 2,4-D. Pretreatment of soil with one of the three chlorophenoxyacetic acids accelerated the rate of breakdown of either of the other two. In a liquid medium, growth of theF. peregrinum strain caused breakdown of 2,4-D and liberated 76% of the chlorine in 2,4-D in ionic form. An unknown acidic substance, colourless in acid solution but forming a yellow sodium salt has been detected in cultures ofF. peregrinum or an MCPA-decomposing Achromobacter strain growing inp-chlorophenoxyacetate medium. The bacterial oxidation of chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides was attributed to adaptive enzyme formation. Respiration experiments showed that the oxidation of 2,4-D or ofp-chlorophenoxyacetic acid is incomplete. 4-Chloro-2-hydroxyphenoxyacetic acid and 4-chlorocatechol may be metabolic intermediates in the case ofp-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, but no intermediary metabolites have as yet been established for 2,4-D.
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