Abstract
Energetic hydrogen and helium atoms have been identified and their fluxes monitored by the High‐Energy Suprathermal Time‐of‐Flight sensor (HSTOF) of the Charge, Element, and Isotope Analysis System (CELIAS) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) near the Lagrangian point L1 since 1996. The potential sources of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) in the heliosphere are co‐rotating interaction regions (CIRs), solar energetic particle events, pre‐accelerated pickup ions as well as low‐energy (up to few hundred keV) anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) ions in the outer heliosphere, close to and beyond the solar wind termination shock. The ENAs, neutralized via charge transfer reactions, can penetrate into the inner solar system, unaffected by the interplanetary magnetic field. The observed ENA fluxes in the apex direction of the heliosphere set limits on potential theories of the dominant sources of the energetic neutral atoms and we discuss implications of these ENA observations on modeling of the heliosheath.
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