Abstract
The embryogenesis of lepidopteran insects has morphogenetic events accompanying the blastokinesis movements (anatrepsis and katatrepsis) in early and late stages, respectively. Katatrepsis is related to embryonic movement with yolk mass and regression of amnioserosa folds in the second half of the development cycle. The whole mount method and differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) were used for analysing the embryonic developmental changes. Those changes in the middle and late embryonic periods were described and divided into eight stages: 1) Completion of segmentation and differentiation of cephalic and thoracic appendages (32 - 40 hours post-oviposition h. PO); 2) Expanded growth of cephalo-gnathal and abdominal parts (41 - 60 h. PO); 3) Completion of thoracic appendages and appearance of pleuropodia, katatrepsis (60 - 70 h. PO); 4) Pre-revolution morphogenetic movement of the cephalo-gnathal region (71 - 80 h. PO); 5) revolution of the embryo (81 - 100 h. PO); 6) Beginning of dorsal closure (101 - 115 h. PO); 7) completion of dorsal closure (116 - 120 h. PO); and 8) full-grown embryo just before hatching (121 - 144 h. PO).
Highlights
The importance of Galleria mellonella was increased with their different uses in different aspects as a parasite of bee hives [1] and a model of pathogenesis studies [2] [3]
Blastokinesis is a movement of the embryo in relation to the yolk mass that consists of two phases of anatrepsis and katatrepsis [6]
Microscopic researches on lepidopteran embryos used the method of sectioned sample that stained with various molecular dyes like Stigmella castanopsiella Kuroko [7], Eriocrania sp. [8], Endoclitasinensis [9], Luehdorfia japonica leech [10], and Endoclita signifier walker [11], while other procedure without sectioning or staining the embryo sample was done as in centipede Scolopocryptops rubiginosus L
Summary
The importance of Galleria mellonella was increased with their different uses in different aspects as a parasite of bee hives [1] and a model of pathogenesis studies [2] [3]. Previous studies on the early embryonic stages [4] and postembryo-. Microscopic researches on lepidopteran embryos used the method of sectioned sample that stained with various molecular dyes like Stigmella castanopsiella Kuroko [7], Eriocrania sp. [8], Endoclitasinensis [9], Luehdorfia japonica leech [10], and Endoclita signifier walker [11], while other procedure without sectioning or staining the embryo sample was done as in centipede Scolopocryptops rubiginosus L. The reason to use whole mount procedure without staining is to avoid the difficulties had been occurring with sample preparation in middle and late embryonic stages [4]
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