Abstract
There are many oil and gas conventional reservoirs in Saudi Arabia have been exploited, but still there are also need to be explored and produced especially in the fields of unconventional shale gas. Investigation the extending of rock source of the hot shale gas Qusaiba formation in North part of Saudi Arabia, the most important rock source in the word, is crucial for one of the most promising shallow shale gas reservoir in the region. Most previous studies in the area were a geological, petrographical, petrophysical, geochemical characteristics or well logs studies which are not enough to show the continuously of the reservoir and map the diverse of the depth changes. The lack of the geophysical studies in the area inspiring to perform such study and image how the continuously and behavior of the reservoir subsurface. Imaging the geological stratigraphy of area utilizing a multiple geophysical methods is a crucial step to disclosure the unconventional reservoir and understand the source rock extending underneath the North region of Saudi Arabia. A good achievement is shown in this study using this integration of seismic migrated image and gravity geological model. This integration provides a robust and true subsurface geological formations, structures, and determined thickness and depth of the Lower Silurian Sharawra Qusaiba and Sarah formations. This work would be a valuable contribution in unconventional reservoirs exploration in shale gas in Saudi Arabia.
Highlights
The strength of our source (Mini IVI Vibrosies source) is prop for near surface application but according to the lithology of the subsurface, we recognized absence of some high frequencies underneath and appear a wide of the ringing waves. These ringing and discontinuous horizons may refer to the lithology diversity between litstone and sandstone beds and brittleness shales layers inside Sharawra Formation in shallow part, which are marked by the red square in seismic section Figure 3
The investigation of the unconventional Qusaiba hot shale reservoir in North of Saudi Arabia is necessary to increase the possibilities of exploring the shale gas field in the area and to decrease the uncertainties of subsurface depth and thickness of the rock source
Imaging of the migrated 2D seismic data and modeling of 2D profile gravity data are performed in order to distinguish the subsurface formations and detect their depths and thicknesses
Summary
The Qalibah Group is located in this part of the Arabian shield and consists of two Formations: the (upper) Silurian Sharawra Formation and the (lower) Qusaiba shale Formation. Silurian Sharawra consists mainly of sandstone and siltstone with beds of shale. The Formation mostly consists of shale and claystone embedded with small amount of siltstone and sandstone [2]. They reported the Qusaiba Formation occurrence in two sub-basins in Central and Eastern of Saudi Arabia. The Qusaiba Formation is eroded recording to most recent reports in the area between the Central Arch Block anticline oil and gas North Gawar field, and North horst graben oil and gas of Saudi Arabia [3]. The expectation of oil and gas existences in Qusaiba could reach 37 billion barrels and 808 trillion cubic feet, respectively [3]
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